Get Sep-2025 Download Latest & Valid Questions For ISACA CRISC exam [Q944-Q960]

Reassessing the risk profile is the first course of action that a risk practitioner should take after a hospital
recently implemented a new technology to allow virtual patient appointments. This is because reassessing
therisk profile can help identify, analyze, and evaluate the new or changed risks that the new technology may
introduce or affect, such as data privacy, security, quality, reliability, or compliance risks. Reassessing the risk
profile can also help determine the appropriate risk response and mitigation strategies, as well as monitor and
report the risk performance and outcomes. According to the CRISC Review Manual 2022, reassessing the risk
profile is one of the key steps in the IT risk management process1. According to the web search results,
reassessing the risk profile is a common and recommended practice for addressing the risks of virtual patient
appointments

The greatest challenge to managing an organization’s end-user devices is having an incomplete end-user device inventory. An end-user device inventory is a document that records and tracks all the devices that are owned, used, or managed by the organization’s end-users, such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. An end- user device inventory helps to identify and classify the devices based on their type, model, location, owner, status, etc. An end-user device inventory also helps to monitor and control the devices, such as enforcing security policies, applying patches and updates, detecting and resolving issues, etc. Having an incomplete end- user device inventory could lead to a lack of visibility and accountability for the devices, which could increase the risk of data loss, theft, or compromise, as well as the cost and complexity of device management.
The other options are not as challenging as having an incomplete end-user device inventory, although they may also pose some difficulties or limitations for the device management. Unsupported end-user applications, incompatible end-user devices, and multiple end-user device models are all factors that could affect the functionality and compatibility of the devices, but they do not necessarily affect the visibility and accountability of the devices. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter 3, Section 3.2.1, page 3-11.

Alignment to business objectives is the most important factor when developing a business case for a proposed
security investment, because it demonstrates how the investment will support the enterprise’s mission, vision,
and goals. A business case should show how the security investment will contribute to the value creation, risk
reduction, and performance improvement of the enterprise. The other options are not the most important
factors, although they may also be included in the business case. The identification of control requirements,
the consideration of new business strategies, and the inclusion of strategy for regulatory compliance are
secondary factors that depend on the alignment to business objectives. References = Most Asked CRISC
Exam Questions and Answers

Log modification undermines data integrity, which is critical for accurate risk monitoring. Ensuring log integrity supports reliable KRI assessments, a key focus within the Risk Monitoring and Reporting framework.

The MOST important thing to review when determining whether a potential IT service provider’s control environment is effective is an independent audit report, because it provides an objective and reliable assessment of the service provider’s controls and compliance with standards and regulations. The other options are not as important as an independent audit report, because:
Option B: Control self-assessment is a subjective and voluntary process that may not reflect the actual effectiveness of the service provider’s controls.
Option C: This option is incomplete and irrelevant to the question.
Option D: Service level agreements (SLAs) are contractual agreements that specify the expected performance and availability of the service provider, but they do not necessarily indicate the effectiveness of the service provider’s controls. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, ISACA,
2020, p. 195.

The most common concern associated with outsourcing to a service provider is unauthorized data usage,
which means the misuse, disclosure, or theft of the organization’s data by the service provider or its
employees, contractors, or subcontractors1. Unauthorized data usage can pose significant risks to the
organization, such as:
Data security and privacy breaches, which can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of
the data, and expose the organization to legal liability, regulatory penalties, reputational damage, or loss of
trust and credibility2.
Data quality and accuracy issues, which can affect the reliability and validity of the data, and impair the
decision-making, reporting, or performance of the organization3.
Data ownership and control issues, which can limit the access and rights of the organization to its own data,
and create dependency or lock-in with the service provider4.
The other options are not the most common concern associated with outsourcing to a service provider,
because:
Lack of technical expertise is a potential but not prevalent concern associated with outsourcing to a service
provider, as it may affect the quality and efficiency of the services provided by the service provider, and the
compatibility and integration of the services with the organization’s systems and processes5. However, most
service providers have sufficient technical expertise in their domain or field, and they can offer specialized
skills or resources that the organization may not have internally6.
Combining incompatible duties is a possible but not frequent concern associated with outsourcing to a service
provider, as it may create conflicts of interest or segregation of duties issues for the service provider or the
organization, and increase the risk of errors, fraud, or abuse7. However, most service providers have adequate
governance and control mechanisms to prevent or mitigate such issues, and they can adhere to the
organization’s policies and standards regarding the separation of duties8.
Denial of service attacks is a rare but not common concern associated with outsourcing to a service provider,
as it may disrupt the availability or functionality of the services provided by the service provider, and affect
the operations or continuity of the organization. However, most service providers have robust security
measures and contingency plans to protect and recover from such attacks, and they can ensure the resilience
and reliability of the services.
References =
Unauthorized Data Usage – CIO Wiki
What is outsourcing? Definitions, benefits, challenges, processes, advice | CIO
The Pros and Cons of Outsourcing in 2023 – GrowthForce
13 Common Problems of Outsourcing and How to Avoid Them – ENOU Labs
The Top 10 Problems with Outsourcing Implementation – SSON
10 problems with outsourcing (+ Solutions for each) – Time Doctor Blog
Segregation of Duties – CIO Wiki
Outsourcing Governance – CIO Wiki
[Denial-of-Service Attack – CIO Wiki]
[Business Continuity Planning – CIO Wiki]

The primary objective of testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation is to ensure that risk is mitigated by the control. A control is a measure or action that is taken to reduce the likelihood or impact of a risk, or to increase the likelihood or impact of an opportunity1. Testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation means verifying whether the control can achieve its intended purpose and objective, and whether it can address the risk adequately and appropriately2. Testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation helps to avoid wasting resources, time, and effort on implementing a control that is ineffective, inefficient, or unsuitable for the risk scenario. It also helps to ensure that the control does not introduce new or unintended risks, or adversely affect other controls or processes3. The other options are not the primary objective of testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation, as they are either less relevant or less specific than ensuring that risk is mitigated by the control. Measuring efficiency of the control process is a secondary objective of testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation. Efficiency refers to the optimal use of resources to achieve the desired outcome4. Measuring efficiency of the control process means evaluating whether the control can achieve its objective with the least amount of cost, time, and effort. Measuring efficiency of the control process helps to optimize the performance and value of the control, but it is not the main reason for testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation. Confirming control alignment with business objectives is a tertiary objective of testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation. Alignment refers to the consistency and coherence of the control with the goals and strategies of the organization5. Confirming control alignment with business objectives means ensuring that the control supports and enables the achievement of the organization’ s mission, vision, and values. Confirming control alignment with business objectives helps to integrate the control with the organization’s culture and governance, but it is not the primary reason for testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation. Complying with the organization’s policy is a quaternary objective of testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation. Policy refers to the set of principles and rules that guide the organization’s decisions and actions6. Complying with the organization’s policy means adhering to the standards and requirements that the organization has established for implementing and operating controls. Complying with the organization’s policy helps to ensure the quality and consistency of the control, but it is not the main objective of testing the effectiveness of a new control before implementation. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, 7th Edition, Chapter 2, Section 2.1.8, Page 61.

Lack of common understanding of the organization’s risk culture is the greatest barrier to achieving the
initiative’s objectives, because it hinders the alignment and integration of risk management across the
organization. Risk culture is the set of shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that influence how risk is
perceived and managed in an organization. A risk universe is a comprehensive and structured representation
of all the sources and types of risk that an organization faces. Developing a risk universe requires a common
understanding of the organization’s risk culture, as it affects the risk appetite, tolerance, and strategy of the
organization. Lack of cross-functional risk assessment workshops, lack of quantitative methods to aggregate
the total risk exposure, and lack of an integrated risk management system are all challenges that may affect
thedevelopment of a risk universe, but they are not the greatest barrier, as they can be overcome with
appropriate tools and techniques. References = Risk and Information Systems Control Study Manual, Chapter
2, Section 2.2.1, page 44

A key risk indicator (KRI) is a metric that helps organizations monitor and assess potential risks that may
impact their operations, objectives, or performance. A good KRI should have certain characteristics that make
it effective for risk management. One of these characteristics is repeatability, which means that the KRI can
be measured consistently over time and across different situations. A repeatable KRI ensures that the risk data
is reliable, comparable, and meaningful, and that the risk trends and patterns can be identified and analyzed. A
repeatable KRI also supports the decision-making process by providing timely and accurate information on
the risk level and status. Therefore, repeatability is the most important attribute of a KRI. References = Risk
IT Framework, ISACA, 2022, p. 441

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Physical or logical system access should be assigned on a need-to-know basis, where there is a legitimate business requirement based on least privilege and segregation of duties. This is done by user authentication.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Monitoring and recording unsuccessful logon attempts does not address the risk of appropriate access rights. In other words, it does not prevent unauthorized access.
B: Forcing users to change their passwords does not ensure that access control is appropriately assigned.
C: Challenge response system is used to verify the user’s identification but does not completely address the issue of access risk if access was not appropriately designed in the first place.

Tracking the number of suspected malicious activities reported provides direct evidence of the policy’s effectiveness in detecting insider threats. This KPI aligns with Performance Metrics for Risk Mitigation.

Understanding Strategic Risk:
* Strategic risk refers to the potential losses that can arise from adverse business decisions, improper implementation of decisions, or lack of responsiveness to changes in the business environment.
Reputational Impact of Cybersecurity Breaches:
* A cybersecurity breach can severely damage an organization’s reputation, affecting customer trust, investor confidence, and market value.
* Such impacts go beyond immediate financial losses and can have long-term strategic implications for the organization’s competitive position and strategic objectives.
Classification of Risk:
* Financial Risk: Direct financial losses due to a breach (e.g., fines, legal costs) but does not cover reputational impacts.
* Data Risk: Focuses on the loss or compromise of data but not the broader strategic impact.
* Operational Risk: Pertains to disruptions in business operations, while reputational damage influences the organization’s strategic direction and goals.
Strategic Risk and Reputation:
* Reputational damage from a cybersecurity breach can lead to a loss of customer base, reduced market share, and difficulties in strategic partnerships, all of which are strategic concerns.
* Addressing reputational risk requires strategic planning, proactive communication, and long-term efforts to rebuild trust and credibility.
References:
* The CRISC Review Manual highlights that reputational risk is a significant aspect of strategic risk, especially following cybersecurity incidents (CRISC Review Manual, Chapter 1: Governance, Section
1.1.3 Importance and Value of IT Risk Management).

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Organizations create different security plans to address different scenarios. Many of the security plans are common to most organizations.
Most used security plans found in many organizations are:
Business continuity plan

Disaster recovery plan

Backup plan

Incident response plan

Incorrect Answers:
D: Project management plan is not a security plan, but a plan which describes the implementation of the project.

The average time between user transfers and access updates is a trend that would cause the greatest concern regarding the effectiveness of an organization’s user access control processes, as it indicates thedelay or inefficiency in updating the user access rights and privileges according to the user’s current role and responsibilities. This can result in unauthorized or excessive access to the organization’s information assets, and increase the risk of data leakage, fraud, or misuse. The user access control processes should ensure that the user access rights and privileges are reviewed and modified regularly, and especially when the user’s role or status changes, such as transfer, promotion, demotion, or termination. References = ISACA Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) Certification Exam Question and Answers, Question241. CRISC: Certified in Risk & Information Systems Control Sample Questions, Question
241. CRISC Sample Questions 2024, Question 241.

Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The broad array of information and the major types of IT risk information that should be communicated are as follows:
Expectations from risk management: They include risk strategy, policies, procedures, awareness

training, uninterrupted reinforcement of principles, etc. This essential communication drives all subsequent efforts on risk management and sets the overall expectations from risk management.
Current risk management capability: This allows monitoring of the status of the risk management

engine in the enterprise. It is a key indicator for effective risk management and has predictive value for how well the enterprise is managing risk and reducing exposure.
Status with regard to IT risk: This describes the actual status with regard to IT risk including information

of risk profile of the enterprise, Key risk indicators (KRIs) to support management reporting on risk, event-loss data, root cause of loss events and options to mitigate risk.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Risk response is only communicated to some of the stakeholders not all, as it is irrelevant for them. It is not communicated to the stakeholders of the project like project sponsors, etc.

Section: Volume A
Explanation:
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires corporate responsibility for financial reports to be certified by CEO, CFO, or designated representative.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that annual assessments of internal controls are the responsibility of management.
C: Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires audit partners and review partners to rotate off an assignment every five years.
D: Section 409 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that the financial reports must be distributed quickly and currently.